Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)

An EPC is one of the first things buyers and renters look for. It gives a quick, standard way to compare how energy-efficient a home is, and what improvements could make it cheaper to run.

If you’re selling or a landlord, an EPC is needed before you start marketing. It also helps you answer common questions early (“How efficient is it?”, “What could be improved?”, “What’s the floor area?”).

On Virify, adding your EPC rating is a simple way to build trust.

Key takeaways

• You must order/commission an EPC before marketing a home for sale or rent (unless it’s exempt).
• EPCs rate homes from A (best) to G (worst) and are typically valid for 10 years.
• An EPC shows typical energy costs and recommended improvements.
• Landlords in England & Wales generally can’t let properties below E unless an exemption applies.
• Scotland is reforming EPCs and consulting on future private rented standards (check the latest position if you're a landlord).

What is an EPC?

An EPC is a report that shows how energy efficient a property is.

It typically includes:

• an energy efficiency rating from A to G
• typical energy costs (based on standard assumptions)
• recommended improvements (for example insulation, heating upgrades)
• carbon information is often included (EPCs in NI explicitly reference carbon dioxide emissions).

When you might not need an EPC

There are exemptions (for example, some small standalone buildings under 50m², some temporary buildings, some buildings due to be demolished, some listed buildings where improvements would unacceptably alter character, etc.).

If you think you're exempt, don't guess. Check the GOV.UK guidance or ask your solicitor/agent.

Step-by-step: how to get (or find) your EPC

Step 1: Check if you already have one

If your home has been sold or rented in the last few years, there’s a good chance an EPC already exists.

• England & Wales: use the “Find an energy certificate” service.
• Northern Ireland: EPC info is available through NI services (guidance via NI Direct / Finance NI).

Step 2: Download it and keep it handy

Keep a copy in your “sale/let paperwork” folder. You’ll use it for:

• marketing
• buyer/tenant questions
• your solicitor’s pack later

Step 3: If you don’t have one, book an accredited assessor

You’ll need to pay for an EPC from an accredited assessor.

Pricing varies by area and property type, so it’s worth comparing a few quotes.

Step 4: Add the EPC to your Virify listing

At minimum, include the rating (A–G).

Virify tip: EPC certificates often include useful floor area information. If you don't know your size, the EPC can be a helpful starting point, but always sense-check it against your own records, especially if the property was extended after the EPC assessment date.

EPC rules for landlords (what to check)

England & Wales: minimum standard

For many private rented homes that are covered by the regulations:

• properties with an EPC rating of F or G generally can’t be let unless improved to E, or an exemption applies
• there is a cost cap of £3,500 (inc. VAT) on required improvements, and you can register exemptions in certain cases

Important
Always check the official landlord guidance and exemptions register requirements.

Scotland: changing landscape

• EPCs are required when advertising for sale/let.
• Scotland is reforming EPCs (including changes like a shorter validity period under the newer Scottish regulations).
• The Scottish Government is consulting on introducing minimum energy efficiency standards for the private rented sector. The legal requirements are expected to change around 2028 - watch this space!

Northern Ireland: EPC requirement

Northern Ireland guidance requires a valid EPC before a property is advertised for private rental.

Minimum rating requirements can change, so landlords should keep an eye on Department for Communities/local council updates.

Best practice for sellers and landlords

• Don't hide a lower rating. Be factual, and point to any improvements you've made (new boiler, insulation, etc.).
• If you’ve made upgrades since the last EPC, consider whether a new EPC could better reflect the home.