Understanding Rental Agreements

A tenancy is a legal agreement between a landlord and a tenant that sets out the right to live in a property in exchange for rent.

All tenancies are different, but typically set out how long the tenant can stay, the responsibilities of both parties, and how the tenancy can be ended.

Key takeaways

• England uses Assured Shorthold Tenancies (the most common type)
• Wales uses Occupation Contracts (secure or standard)
• Scotland uses Private Residential Tenancies (open-ended, introduced in 2017)
• Northern Ireland uses fixed-term or periodic tenancy agreements
• Tenancies are legally binding and protect both landlords and tenants
• Get templates from landlord associations like the NRLA

Main tenancy types across the UK

England

Assured Shorthold Tenancy (AST)

The default and most common private tenancy.

• Usually starts with a fixed term (6 or 12 months)
• After the fixed term, it can roll to a periodic (monthly) basis

Private renting for tenants: tenancy agreements

Wales

Occupation Contracts

Two types:

• Secure contract: used by housing associations that are Registered Social Landlords (RSLs)
• Standard contract: typically used in the private rented sector

Tenants: housing law has changed (Renting Homes)

Scotland

Private Residential Tenancy (PRT)

Introduced in 2017, replaced older tenancy types.

• Open-ended with no fixed terms
• Tenants stay until they choose to leave or the landlord has grounds to evict

Private residential tenancy

Northern Ireland

Tenancy Agreement

Two main types:

• Fixed-term
• Periodic

Private rent and tenancies - nidirect

Why tenancies matter

Clarity

Tenancies are legally binding contracts that govern the responsibilities of both parties, including what happens if one party doesn't comply. They ensure a safe and predictable living environment and a fair process for addressing issues.

Payments

They set out the rent amount and when it can be increased.

Duration

They typically set out how long the tenant can stay and the circumstances under which the tenant could be evicted.

Where to get tenancy agreements

Landlord associations, such as the NRLA - The Home For Landlords, should be able to provide the required template tenancies.

This guide provides an overview of available tenancies. For specific concerns about a tenancy, seek professional advice.